Eugenics: Killing the Innocent

 

Eugenics is the process of removing those people who are considered to be not worth sharing the planet with you, either by race, disability or any other reason. It means literally ‘good genes,’ whatever that might mean but it is generally tended for some to mean that there are people that are sub-human, who do not deserve to partake of breath.

They exhibit the contempt for those people that they do not consider their equals, rather like the pre-reformed Scrooge in A Christmas Carol. Instead of the provision of prison, workhouses and treadmills, they use the tools of abortion and euthanasia to eliminate due to the supposed factors of economic stress and inconvenience. ‘Compassion.’ ‘joy’ and ‘fulfilment’ are not in the vocabulary of a eugenicist.

An example of this train of thought was Ronald Aylmer Fisher who was a Fellow and President of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge from the 1920s through to the 1950s, and was considered to be one of the finest mathematicians in the twentieth century. His enthusiasm for evolutionary biology has resulted in him being called ‘the greatest biologist since Darwin’ by Richard Dawkins (himself the centre of a twitter storm when he suggested that it was alright to abort pre-born children with Downs Syndrome). Fisher was one of the founding members of the Cambridge Eugenics Society and he thought that ‘inferior’ races should be eliminated. He informed an UNESCO enquiry in 1952 that ‘available scientific knowledge provides a firm basis for believing that the groups of mankind differ in their innate capacity for intellectual and emotional development,’ which (thankfully) the inquiry disagreed with in their conclusion.

The views he held were reflective of Charles Darwin himself. In his 1871 treatise The Descent of Man, he wrote: ‘We civilised men…do our utmost to check the process of elimination; we build asylums for the imbecile, the maimed and the sick…Thus the weak members of society propagate their kind.’

The family line of Charles Darwin is closely intertwined with the eugenics movement. His son, Leonard, was the President of the Eugenics Education Society from 1911 to 1929, and every leading eugenicist was a member of this society.

More famously, Charles Darwin’s cousin, Francis Dalton, coined the word ‘eugenics’ and founded the (British) Eugenics Society in 1924, which later became the Galton Institute in 1989. It is still in existence but has repudiated its eugenic past by saying that Dalton represented a view that was held at the time.

The poverty, squalor and waste that was evidenced in the Victorian and Edwardian periods, especially in the rapidly growing cities but also in the rural communities, did not evoke the compassion of the intelligentsia – those people who were  in a position to influence society’s mindset – but instead they felt revulsion and disgust for the people who were less fortunate than they were. An example can be seen in the 1915 diary entry by Virginia Woolf: ‘we met & had to pass a long line of imbeciles, the first was a very tall young man, just queer enough to look at twice, but no more; the second shuffled, & looked aside; and then one realised that everyone in that long line was a miserable ineffective shuffling idiotic creature, with no forehead, or no chin, & an imbecile grin, or a wild suspicious stare. It was perfectly horrible. They should certainly be killed.’

There were people on the political right that held these views as illustrated by Winston Churchill stating in 1899 that his aim in life was the ‘improvement of the British breed.’ He perceived the ‘feeble-minded’ (by which criteria is not mentioned) as a threat and, in a letter to the Prime Minister Herbert Asquith, advocated the compulsory sterilisation as an alternative to confinement – stating that it would be ‘a simple surgical operation so the inferior could be permitted freely in the world without causing much inconvenience to others.’ It is a remarkable statement from a man who was known to suffer depressive episodes, which called the ‘black dog,’ and could easily be included in that category for treatment.

Churchill was a Liberal at the time of writing those words, albeit in a temporary manner before he would return to the Conservative ranks. However, other more convinced Liberals like John Maynard Keynes and William Beveridge were convinced eugenicists. Keynes was a co-founder with Fisher of the Cambridge Eugenics Society and would continue to strongly hold eugenic views even after the Second World War, calling it ‘the most important and significant branch of sociology.’

There is the troubling observation that as Parliament was discussing the Beveridge Report (which addressed want [caused by poverty],  ignorance [caused by lack of education], squalor [caused by poor housing], idleness [caused by the lack of jobs or the ability to gain employment], and idleness [caused by inadequate health provision]), the author of the report was making a presentation to a group about eugenics.

William Beveridge also remarked: ‘those men who through general defects are unable to fill such a whole place in industry are to be recognised as unemployable. They must become the acknowledged dependents of the State…but with complete and permanent loss of all citizen rights – including not only the franchise but civil freedom and fatherhood.’

Those views can be observed also on the politically left, who claimed to have the welfare of the working classes at heart, such as the Marxists and the Fabians. Eugenicists on the left included Sydney and Beatrice Webb, Harold Laski, H G Wells, Julian Huxley, J B S Haldane and George Bernard Shaw – all of whom saw eugenics as part of the socialist programme. Shaw announced that ‘the only fundamental and possible Socialism is the socialism of the selective breeding of Man.’

Beatrice Webb thought that eugenics was ‘the most important question of all,’ whereas Sydney declared that ‘no eugenicist can be a laissez-faire individualist.’

The philosopher Bertrand Russell proposed that colour-coded ‘procreation tickets’ should be issued by the State to prevent the gene pool of the elite being diluted by the inferior humans. The deterrent would be that the people who decided to have children with holders of a different coloured ticket would be punished with a heavy fine.

H G Wells complained about the impact that improving the lot of the majority would have: ‘We cannot go on giving you health, freedom, enlargement, limitless wealth, if all our gifts to you are to be swamped by an indiscriminate torrent of progeny…and we cannot make the social life and the world-peace we are determined to make, with the ill-bred, ill-trained swarms of inferior citizens that you inflict upon us.’

In the 1930s, the Labour MP Will Crooks described people with disabilities as ‘like human vermin’ who ‘crawl about doing absolutely nothing, except polluting and corrupting everything they touch.’ His colleague Archibald Church advocated the compulsory sterilisation of certain categories of ‘mental patient’ as he proposed that it was necessary to stop the reproduction of those ‘who are in every way a burden to their parents, a misery to themselves and, in my opinion, a menace to the social life of the community.’

The course of though continued even through the field of ‘reproductive’ medicine. In her 1920 book Radiant Motherhood, Marie Stopes looked forward to legislation that would ‘ensure the sterility of the hopelessly rotten and racially diseased.’  Elsewhere, she stated that abortion was the means of reducing the ‘ever increasing, unceasing spawning class of human beings who should never be born at all,…birth control [i.e. abortion]…is really the greatest and most truly eugenic movement of ‘human generation’.’ She continued to say that abortion was ‘the most constructive and necessary to the means of racial health.’

Marie Stopes attended the Nazi-organised Berlin congress on ‘population science’ in 1936. She also indicated her priorities by leaving the bulk of her fortune to the Eugenic Society, which had campaigned for racial purity. Ms Stopes also cut her son Harry out of her will as he married a woman, Mary, who was short-sighted. Ms Stopes wrote of her daughter-in-law: ‘She has the inherited disease of the eyes which only makes her wear hideous glasses so that it is horrid to look at her; but the awful cost will carry on and I have the horror of our line being so contaminated and little children with the misery of glasses…Mary and Harry are quite callous about both the wrong to their children, the wrong to my family and the eugenic crime.’

It was a view that was carried forward for Margaret Sanger (the pioneer of Planned Parenthood) set out her beliefs in a 1923 op-ed for the New York Times: ‘Birth control is not contraception indiscriminately and thoughtless practice. It means the release and cultivation of the better racial elements in our society, and the gradual suppression, elimination and eventual extirpation of defective stocks – those human weeds which threaten the blooming of the finest flowers of American civilisation.’

There are example today of women whose babies have diagnosed with differences being pressurised into having abortions. There was the promotion by the Department of Health responsible for England for the introduction of a new form of ‘non-invasive’ pre-natal testing which would be possibly more accurate than previous methods of maternal blood-testing to see if Downs Syndrome is evident. Hans Galjaard, the Dutch geneticist who has written reports on the new form of screening, was asked if the new type of screening would result in the elimination of Downs Syndrome, to which he replied, ‘Yes, that was one of my motivations.’

James Watson is another member of the scientific community who considers that he has the right to determine the lives of other people. The American Nobel Prize Laureate and co-discoverer of the DNA structure wrote in 1995 (‘Values from Chicago Upbringing’ in D A Chambers (ed) The Double Helix Perspective and Prospective at Forty Years, New York academy of Science, p. 197): ‘But diabolical as Hitler was, and I don’t want to minimise the evil he perpetuated using false genetic arguments, we should not be held hostage to his awful past. For the genetic dice will continue to inflict cruel fates on all too many individuals and their families who do not deserve this damnation. Decency demands the someone must rescue them from genetic hells. If we don’t play God, who will?’

This attitude permeates throughout the so-called intelligentsia, who think that they have the right to ride roughshod over the lives of others and to whom the word ‘love’ never enters the equation. The writer Dominic Lawson tells of how he and his wife embraced the birth of their daughter, Dominica who has Downs Syndrome, into their family. After her birth, Dominic revealed that Claire Rayner, a well-known British agony aunt and broadcaster, had written an article claiming that the Lawsons had behaved ‘selfishly’ because of the ‘cost to society’ that people like  Dominica had incurred. Ms Rayner had written: ‘People who are not yet parents should ask if they have the right to inflict such burdens on others.’ Incredibly, Ms Rayner was a patron of the Down’s Syndrome Association and she could not understand why the Association asked her to resign.  

Elsewhere, it was ascertained that at least ten adults with disabilities were sterilised in Australia’s Northern Territories at the request of their guardians and not the individuals themselves. In a 2019 United Nations report, there was concern about ‘the non-consensual administration of contraceptives and abortions for, and the sterilisation of women with disabilities.’ These concerns included what had been happening in Australia.

The application of abortions to people living with disabilities also applies to people of non-white racial group. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, an Afro-American, wrote in his opinion on a law case (Indiana Department of Heath et al v Planned Parenthood, Indiana and Kentucky Inc. et al) and highlighted the racial element when the abortion statistics are considered: ‘The reported nationwide abortion ration – the number of abortions per 1,000 live births – among black women is nearly 3.5 times the ratio for white women…There are areas of New York in which black children are more likely to be aborted than they are to be born alive – and are up to eight times more likely to be aborted than white children in the same area.’

He continued: ‘Enshrining a constitutional right to an abortion based solely on the race, sex, or disability of an unborn child as Planned Parenthood advocates, would constitutionalise the views of the 20th century eugenic movement.’

The people who supposed to protect the weakest in society are, instead, damaging or even eliminating them. Victor Frankl commented: ‘If we present man with a concept of man which is not true, we may well corrupt him. When we present man as an automaton of reflexes, as a mind machine, as a bundle of instincts, as a pawn of drives and reactions, as a mere product of instinct, hereditary and environmental, we feed the nihilism to which modern man is, in any case, prone and become acquainted with in the last stage of that corruption in my second concentration camp, Auschwitz.’

He continued with this observation: ‘The gas chambers of Auschwitz were the ultimate consequence of the theory that man is nothing more than the product of heredity and environment – or as the Nazis liked to say, of “blood and soil.” I am absolutely convinced that the gas chambers of Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Maidanek were ultimately prepared not in some Ministry or other in Berlin, but rather at the desks and in the lecture halls of nihilistic  scientists and philosophers.’   

The assertion has been made, correctly, that Hitler believed that the biological advancement of humanity was the highest good: ‘for Hitler the highest arbiter of morality and political policies was the evolutionary advancement of the human species. In the final analysis, Hitler based his morality on a racist form of evolutionary ethics.’ (Richard Weikart, Hitler’s Ethic: The Nazi Pursuit of Evolutionary Progress, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2009, p. 8) The disturbing statistic is that the Nazis were not unusual in their low views about the other races, especially the Jewish people, both in mainland Europe, and also in the United Kingdom and the United States. The surprise is that the movement took off in Germany as it was the nation that had the highest number of inter-racial marriages between Jews and non-Jews of all that part of Europe. There was far more fervent anti-Semitism in countries such as Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania (see Niall Ferguson, The War of the World: History’s Age of Hatred, Penguin Books, London, 2006). The impact of Hitler’s belief in social Darwinism can be seen in his own words (as illustrated in Richard Weikart, op cit.): ‘History itself represents the progression of a people’s (Volk) struggle for life’ (p. 36); ‘All of nature is a powerful struggle between power and weakness, an eternal victory of the strong over the weak’ (p. 37); ‘[I]n the limitation of this living space (Lebensraum) lies the compulsion for the struggle for life, in turn, contains the precondition for evolution’ (p. 36); ‘The entire universe appears to be ruled only by this one idea, that eternal selection takes place, in which the stronger in the end preserves its life and the right to life, and the weaker falls’ (p. 39)

The words of this Fascist dictator is not too far from the classic Darwinian view – in fact the term ‘survival of the fittest’ coined by Herbert Spencer and then used by Charles Darwin as a chapter heading in a later version of The Origins of the Species would suitably encapsulate this perspective. To quote the Victorian author in Descent of Man: ‘Natural selection follows from the struggle for existence…Had he [man] never been subjected to natural selection, assuredly he would have never had attained to the rank of manhood…[I]t may well be doubted whether the most favourable [circumstances] would have sufficed [to produce human evolution], had not the rate of increase been rapid, and the consequent struggle for existence severe to an extreme degree.’ Richard Weikart has commented that racism was percolated throughout evolutionary thought in all intellectual societies as ‘Darwinian vision of racial inequality that viewed races as having evolved in varying amounts from their simian ancestors.’ (op cit. p. 58) It is not too far a leap to make from Hitler to the view that is held by many eugenicists today who regard people who do not fit into their categories as having personhood and therefore not worthy of living.

It was not only people in the Third Reich who were from other races than the ‘Aryan’ who were eliminated, but also those who lived with mental health issues regardless of racial classification. There was a Nazi policy of sterilising women who were considered to have undesirable traits. In less than twelve years, approximately 400,000 women with hereditary illnesses were forcibly sterilised and, from 1934 onwards, all women who were within the scope of the sterilisation law were also forced to have abortions. It is worrying close to having comparisons with our present society where ‘undesirable’ characteristics even to the level of an unborn child having a cleft palate being the subject of a discussion regarding abortion. An example would that, in Iceland, there are steps to increase the abortion of pre-born children with Downs Syndrome so that it is eradicated from that nation. The conversation must lead to how close these actions are to those of the Nazi State, and whether indeed it is the same steps that are being taken. It is an uncomfortable discussion that we must be bold to initiate.

It is right that there is abhorrence at what the Nazis and other totalitarian governments have done, especially in the light of such events as the Holocaust. It appears that they have lost the military battles, but they have won the (im)moral war, if we treat human lives without regard and honour from conception to the final breath.

When God is removed from the equation, there is a greater propensity to regard fellow humans with lesser regard. A typical response is as follows: ‘Let me summarise my view on what modern evolutionary biology tells us loud and clear…There are no gods, no purposes, no goal directed forces of any kind. There is no life after death. When I die, I am absolutely certain that I am going to be dead. There is no ultimate foundation for ethics, no ultimate meaning to life, and no free will for humans, either.’ (William B Provine, Origins Research 16 (1): 9, 1994)

In such viewpoints, humanity is an accident at best and a curious joke at worst. According to such intellectuals, such as the new atheist Jerry Coyne, ‘There is no special purpose to your life, no more extrinsic value than a squirrel or an armadillo.’

The consequences are that the standard of personhood becomes arbitrary as there are no absolutes except for each individual thinks right. It could be on the ability to make choices as Peter Singer, a preference utilitarian, would maintain: ‘A being who has capacity for self-awareness and for making choices, exercising preference about continuing life.’

Another definition is made by John Harris, in his book The Value of Life: ‘A being who is capable of valuing their own existence …The value of my life is precisely the value I give to my own life.’ He has argued that if a person does not know if they are alive then they do not have a value.

Michael Tooley, in Abortion and Infanticide, defines as follows: ‘A person is a being who is capable of understanding that they have a ‘continuing self’…if you are not aware that you exist, you do not have an automatic right to life.’

The problems with these definitions are that they are subjective with no standard by which they can tested. The stated viewpoints become even more cloudy in the mist caused by post-modernity where all views are valid, even those which contradict their analysis. It would be interesting to see how these writers would view their own life limitations and whether it would have prevented them from being born or would lead to an early forced termination of their life. The certainty that can be stated is we might think that a person is not aware of their circumstances, but we could be completely wrong. In work on people with deep unresponsive comas (that is, vegetive functions) by M Adrian and others using magnetic imagery, it showed that their brain awareness was still functioning.

In another scenario, a number of studies have shown that pre-born children are aware of their existence and surroundings. They are aware of the noises that go on in the outside world including arguments, soothing sounds and television programme theme tunes. It has been well attested that, although pre-born children are wholly dependent, they are also fully sentient (see, for example, ‘Science is giving the pro-life movement a boost,’ The Atlantic, 19 January 2018). Nancy Pearcey has written that because of ‘advances in genetics and DNA, virtually all professional bioethicists agree that life begins at conception.’ (Love Thy Body: Answering Hard Questions about Life and Sexuality, Baker Books, Grand Rapids, MI, 2018, p. 25) It is a slippery slope if the argument should be advanced that dependent humans should be removed as it goes against all that we hold to be human, as we help those who are unable to help themselves to give them dignity and to honour their existence.  

As to those older people with advanced dementia, there are instances in the Netherlands where such patients have had to be anathemised before they were given the drugs to end their life.

When there is no ethical bedrock, there will be amorality, which fills the moral space in a vacuum. There is no void in morality as something will fill it. It will belittle the high standing which God has imputed into each person, and we will end up with sentiments expressed by Richard Dawkins in a tweet on 16 February 2020: ‘It’s one thing to deplore eugenics on ideological, political, moral grounds. It’s quite another to conclude that it wouldn’t work in practice. Of course, it would. It works for cows, horses, pigs, dogs and roses. Why on earth wouldn’t it work for humans?’ In other words, despite eugenics offending the moral sensibilities of many and the philosophical thoughts of scholars, it is proposed by the advocates of eugenics to progress in any event.

There is no great enthusiasm among the medical profession for removing life. The overwhelming majority of hospice practitioners are against the use of euthanasia and there is a dwindling number of doctors who are prepared to carry out abortions. Lord Robert Winston wrote tellingly (in ‘Eugenics: Evil is its DNA,’ The Sunday Times, 23 February 2020): ‘As doctors…the key issues is respect for the individual. Eugenics is quite different. It does not involve paramount respect for the individual, but rather the interests of society.’

Although Lord Winston would not ascribe his thinking to a deity, there is great concern about how far out the tentacles of eugenics is reaching out. In parts of Europe, there are babies who are aborted after birth, similar to the practices of infanticide demonstrated in the worst times of the Roman empire.   

Eugenics is frankly the grab for power by those who are in authority, or consider themselves to be. It is the concept held by those who are considered to be in power or privilege – wanting to eliminate and erase those people who do not fit their criteria, like a school bully wanting to get rid of a less able pupil from a school by remorseless removal of any dignity and worth. Instead of God, they want to play the roles of gods. As C S Lewis stated in Abolition of Man: ‘Man’s power over Nature turns out to be power exerted by some men over other men.’

There has been a weakening of the Christian ethos, certainly in the United Kingdom as in other countries in the west, as exhibited in the 1967 Abortion Act. Major General Tim Cross has likened the western society as being like a ‘cut flower,’ where it will end up in the bin and die as it is removed from the soil where it was cultivated; it does not grow, cannot new seeds of meaning and hope, and no new flowers can be formed. Once the plant has been wrenched from its heritage, it cannot be replanted.

There used to be the acknowledgement that we relied on God for our very existence – the source of the breath that gave us life (Genesis 2: 7). Paul restated this fact before the Athenians when he said that God ‘gives all men life and breath and everything else.’ (Acts 17: 25) It is a mark of humanity that we recognise that we are not independent beings, however much we yearn for that status, as Paul again spoke that ‘in him [i.e. God] we live and breath and have our being.’ (Acts 17: 28) It is from God who has made us His image-bearers, that we derive our dignity, identity and significance. The removal of our lives outside of His timing deprives us of all three things.

The words of the Jimmy Carter Centre, in its Annoted Universal Declaration of Human Rights, encapsulate the same thoughts: ‘The moral status of human beings is exalted in large part due to the declaration first made in Genesis 1 that human beings are made in the divine image.’

The high view of all people has been expressed by John Wyatt, the Christian physician: ‘Our creation in God’s image implies…a radical equality…In the human community, we are surrounded by other reflections of God who are different, but fundamentally equal in dignity to ourselves.’ (Matters of Life & Death, Inter Varsity Press, Nottingham, 2009, p. 61)

The reliance on God commences pre-birth, from the moment we are conceived onwards, as the psalmist wrote: ‘For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well. My frame was not hidden from you, when I was made in the secret place. When I was woven together in the depths of the earth, your eyes saw my unformed body. All the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be.’ (Psalm 139: 13 – 16)

Likewise, God takes the moment that we leave this world as being part of His plan. He considers it to be a holy thing: ‘Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints.’ (Psalm 116: 15) Death, however it comes, is not to be treated lightly or of no consequence. It is many, many times greater than the consequence of taking an animal to be put out of its misery as men and women, boys and girls are made in the image of God – something that is unique and awesome.

The protection and, more importantly, the celebration of the weakest in our society demonstrates our strength – our capacity to love, to enjoy, and even to be humble. Our societies are like forests, with trees interlinking their roots – the removal of even one tree, however insignificant it might be considered, will cause the catastrophic erosion of all that is good. Babies with disabilities are able to touch the hardest hearts, and even those people with the most gnarled bodies or minds are able to contribute by being themselves and so bring out the best in others. Joseph Pieper was right in saying: ‘Love is a way of saying to a person, “It’s good that you exist, it’s good that you are in the world”.’

We live in a mixed up world where a pre-born baby at 26 weeks gestation may be murdered in one hospital room, whilst a similarly aged one is being rushed to a neonatal care room. In England and Wales in 2019, there were 207,384 abortions, with only 0.06 per cent due to a risk to the mother’s life and only 1.5 per cent were due to the baby’s disability, which means that the vast majority were for socio-economic reasons. It has been calculated that, in England and Wales, nine million lives have been lost due to abortion in the last fifty years. Or, to use another illustration, an older person in one part of the world may have their life ended by euthanasia; whilst, in another country, there might be people raising money so that person can have a better quality of life.

As people with power, however limited we think that it is, Christians should reflect the values of the God who created us and then gave us this amazing gift of rebirth through Jesus Christ – which is available to all regardless of physical or mental characteristics. There is the need not only be pro-life when it comes to beginning and end of life issues, but throughout the whole of a person’s life. We should be demonstrating care for issues that affect a person’s dignity and need for righteousness and justice, whether it be that of poverty, ethnicity or any other issue.

God is concerned for every step that a person takes for Jeremiah reminds us: ‘I know, O Lord, that a man’s life is not his own; it is not for man to direct his steps.’ (10: 23) He is concerned about every minutiae of our lives (Matthew 6: 26) and He expects us to take the same care for the weak and vulnerable.

There are countless examples in Scripture of God showing His compassion and active involvement where people have been in situations of weakness. We see this in the earthly ministry of Jesus, such as in the miracles where people are healed (e.g. John 5: 1 – 15; Mark 5: 25 – 34) and in the raising the widow of Nain’s son from the dead where she relied on him for welfare (Luke 7: 11 – 17). The high regard for people in the lowliest of circumstances was obviously one that continued into the Church as, for example, Peter and John healed a beggar (Acts 3: 1 – 10) The pattern that they were following could be seen in their Master as Peter explained to Cornelius: ‘how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and power, and how he went around doing good and healing all who were under the power of the devil, because God was with him.’ (Acts 10: 38).

It is interesting to note that God who is all-powerful used the ultimate tool of weakness. Jesus came and was not born in a royal palace but in accommodation for animals and placed in a feeding trough; He was not involved in high politics or ruminated over the finer points of philosophy in the ivory towers of the day, but travelled to mingle with the outcasts and the despised; and He did not die comfortably on a luxurious bed but, at a very young age, on the rough cross as a subject of scorn and ridicule.

God makes salvation available to all so that everyone can understand it, regardless of age, mental capacity and physical abilities. There are no abstract boundaries and, indeed, He seems to delight in contradicting the whims of men for exclusivity. Paul writes to fellow Christians about when Jesus came into their lives: ‘Not many of you were wise by human standards; not many were influential; not many were of noble birth. But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. He chose the lowly things of this world and the despised things – and the things that are not – to nullify the things that are, so that no-one may boast before him.’ (1 Corinthians 1: 26 – 29) It was a lesson that Paul had to learn in his own life: ‘For when I am weak, I am strong’ (2 Corinthians 12: 10) for it was then that he had to rely on the grace of Christ.

When it comes to the crunch, I want to be on the side of the weak, the dependant and the vulnerable as God clearly is. It is that standing with them from conception to their natural end, and every time in between. It is not my standards or assessments, my thoughts of who have the best genes, but to see every person in the uniqueness that God has given to them.  

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